Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Carbon Monoxide and Gas Leakage Detection System for Residential Safety Using ESP32

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) and combustible gas
leaks represent significant hazards in residential environments,
often leading to severe health consequences and fatal accidents
due to their colorless and odorless nature. Recent incidents
have highlighted the urgent need for reliable, real-time
monitoring systems capable of early hazard detection and
rapid response.
This paper presents the design and implementation of an
Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart safety system for
detecting carbon monoxide, combustible gas leakage, and
abnormal temperature conditions using the ESP32
microcontroller. The proposed system integrates multiple
sensors, including a ZE03 electrochemical CO sensor, an MQ-7
gas sensor, and a DS18B20 temperature sensor, to ensure
accurate and reliable environmental monitoring.
The system continuously acquires real-time data and
processes it locally, enabling immediate detection of hazardous
conditions. In critical situations, the system automatically
activates safety mechanisms such as audible alarms and gas
shutoff via a solenoid valve. Additionally, wireless
communication capabilities allow real-time monitoring and
alert notifications through a mobile interface.
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system
achieves fast response time, high detection accuracy, and
improved reliability compared to traditional single-sensor
approaches, while significantly reducing false alarms. The
system offers a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient solution for
enhancing residential safety and preventing gas-related
accidents.